The Complete List of
English Spelling Rules
Lesson 8: Common English Prefixes
In this series of lessons, you will learn useful spelling rules in English.
This lesson talks about some common English prefixes. We will see what they mean, how they are spelled, and common words that contain them.
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A prefix is a series of letters that comes at the beginning of a word and has a specific meaning. There are many prefixes in English, but in this lesson we will focus on six of the most common.
When you see these prefixes, you will be able to understand the meaning of the word more easily.
1. Anti-
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Josephine does not like to take pills, but she was very sick. The doctor told her to take some antibiotics.
An antibiotic is a medicine that fights bacteria. The prefix anti- means "against."
Here are some more common words with this prefix:
| climax | anticlimax |
| war | antiwar |
| virus | antivirus |
| corruption | anticorruption |
Again, you will not always find an exact opposite for words that begin with anti-, but knowing this prefix will help you understand the meaning of the word.
2. Auto-
Madeleine is writing her autobiography. She has had a very interesting life!
An autobiography is a book someone writes about their own life. The prefix auto- means "self."
Here are some more common words that begin with auto-:
- automobile
- autopilot
- autograph
- autonomous
- automatic
- autoimmune
When you see a word that begins with auto-, you can guess that it means something about "self." Be sure to use a good dictionary to check the meaning of the word. Do not guess!
3. Dis-
For example, when two people share the same opinion, we say that they agree. They have an agreement.
But, when the opposite is true, we say that they disagree. They have a disagreement.
The prefix dis- changes the meaning of the word. Dis- means "reverse" or "remove."
Here are some more examples:
| advantage | disadvantage |
| appear | disappear |
| ability | disability |
| approve | disapprove |
| comfort | discomfort |
| like | dislike |
| respect | disrespect |
There are many words in English that begin with this prefix. Although not all of them have a direct opposite, like the words in the table, dis- very often makes an opposite word.
4. Inter-
Agreements between different nations are called international agreements.
The prefix inter- means "between" or "among."
Here are some more common words that begin with inter-:
- interact
- intersect
- interchange
- interdependent
- interface
- interrelated
5. Sub-
India is a very large country. It is not a continent, but it is a subcontinent.
Sub- means "under," "below," or "less."
Here are some more common words that begin with sub-:
- subconscious
- subsoil
- subterranean
- submarine
- subcategory
- submissive
- subordinate
6. Un-
Roberta is unhappy today.
The prefix un- usually means "not." This is a very common English prefix, and you will see it very often.
Here are some more common words that begin with un-:
- unnecessary
- unequal
- untie
- undesirable
- unexpected
- unacceptable
- unreal
- unwanted
- unplug
- unpack
- undo
- unfinished
Review
So, let's review what we have learned about common English prefixes:| Prefix | Meaning | Example |
| Anti- | against | antiwar |
| Auto- | self | autobiography |
| Dis- | reverse, remove | disrespect |
| Inter- | between, among | interactive |
| Sub- | under, less | subconscious |
| Un- | not | unexpected |
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