The Complete List of
English Spelling Rules

Lesson 13: I Before E Except After C

In this series of lessons, you will learn useful spelling rules in English.

This lesson talks about an important spelling guideline in English. There is a rhyme to help you remember it: "I before E, except after C."


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This rhyme is a useful guideline to help you remember when to use the vowel combination ie and when to use ei. However, it is only a guideline and not a strict rule.

In fact, there are some longer versions of the rhyme to help you remember the exceptions.

We will start with some common words that follow the guideline.

1. IE: long E sound

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In general, when there is an ie combination after a letter other than c, the i will come first.

However, it is important to remember that these letters can be pronounced in different ways. This guideline really applies especially when the ie combination is pronounced with a long E sound.

Here are some common words with an ie combination and a long E pronunciation:

• believe
• fierce
• achieve
• piece
• chief
• belief
• priest
• countries
• brief
• collie

All of these words have a letter other than c before the ie combination.

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Here are some common words with an ie combination pronounced with a long E sound after the letter c:

• ceiling
• deceive
• receipt
• perceive
• receive
• conceited
  
  

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It is also important to remember that whenever you must add -s or add -ed to words that end in y, you need to change the y to an ie. In these cases, you will often see an ie combination after a letter other than c at the end of a word.

In these cases, these vowels are usually pronounced with a long E sound, according to the rule.

2. IE: other sounds

You will find many words in English that have an ie combination after a letter other than c, though they will not have a long E sound. For these words, you should learn the pronunciation of each individually.

Here are some common examples:

• die
• tie
• flies
• funnier
• client
  

3. IE exceptions: after C

There are some common words that have an ie combination after the letter c in the middle of the word. These are exceptions to the rule, and you should memorize them:

• science
• efficient
• species
• sufficient
  

4. EI exceptions: long A Sound

This guideline does not apply to words in which the ei combination is pronounced with a long A sound. In these words, even if there is not a c before the vowels, the e will come before the i.

Here are some common words in which the ei combination is pronounced with a long A sound:

• weigh
• vein
• beige
• eight
• veil
• reign
  

5. EI exceptions: long E sound

There are a few words in English that contain an ei combination that is pronounced like a long E, after a letter other than c. Of course, this goes against the "I before E except after C" rule that applies to this sound.

In fact, some people say the rhyme as:


The last part refers to the long A sound discussed above (neighbor and weigh), and the word weird is an example of a very common exception to the rule. It has a long E sound, but contains an ei combination after a letter other than c.

Here are some more common exceptions with an ei combination pronounced like a long E after a letter other than c:

• seize
• weird
• protein
• either
• neither

The last two words, either and neither, are pronounced differently in different countries. In the United States, the ei combination has a long E sound, so they are important exceptions to the rule here.

Review

So, let's review what we have learned about ei and ie combinations in English words:

1. The "I before E except after C" guideline applies to words in which the ie combination has a long E sound.
   
   
2. You will see an ie after the letter c at the end of words and in a few important exceptions.
   
   
3. When the ei combination is pronounced like a long A, it will be used after letters other than c.
   
   
4. "I before E except after C" is only a guideline, not a strict rule. There are exceptions!

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